Windmill



bythe posts C C.

n UNITED STATES PATENT OEEieE.

BENJAMIN FENN, OF HARTFORD, OlIIO.

WINDNHLL.

Specification forming part Of Letters Patent No. 14,015, dated January 1, i856.

T0 @ZZ whom, t may concern:

Be it known that I, BENJAMIN FENN, of Hartford, in the county of Trumbull and State of vOhio, have invented a new and useful Improvement in lvindmills; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which-- Figure l is a viewof myimprovement, and Figs. 2 and detached sections of the same, which will be referred to inthe description.

Like letters refer to like parts in the sevcral figures.

A is a vertical shaft, provided with a point and step at A', B, the bed-plate; (l, a bridgetree connected to the bed-plate and supported The shaftpasses through the bridge-tree and revolves in a bearing or box at C. By means of this bearing or connection with the point and step the machine is retained in place. There are four arms corresponding to D D D D, extending from the shaft at right angles to each other, and above these are four more D' D D D at right angles to each other; but the arms above and those below are at a quarter angle to each other. These arms pass through the shaft, one above the oth er, as shown at D. To those arms are secured the wing-supporters E E, E E, and E E E E, all the arms and supporters being alike. Between these supporters are wings corresponding to F F F F, which form the lower series, and G G G G the upper series, making two sets or series of wings, arms, the., one above the other, and which can be extended to any number of sets in like manner as may be expedient by increasing the length of the shaft. These wings are hung upon the pivots H I-I a little one side of the center of the wings; but as one side of the wings is larger or heavier than the other the equilibrium of the wingi retained. One side of each wing extending from the pivots has more surface for the action of the wind than the other, which is shorter, and which is weighted so that the wing will assume the vertical position, although the sides of the wing extending from the pivots are unequal in width.

The wings F F are taperingin form from the bottom to the top, as indicated by the wing` at ff, and which is an end view of the wings F F'. Fig. 2 shows a top view of the same, which are similar to the wings G G.

The lower wings F F taper from top to bottom, as represented atf, Fig. i5, which is an end view of the wings li" F, and which correspond to the wings G G.

The wingsfand I are upon pivots and snpporters, like the other wings, and on the opposite side of the shaft are placed in similar manner two wings like fand I, which inake four wings, and which are at right angles to the wings on the armsD D. The wing I and its duplicate are tapering` from the bottoni to the top like the wings F F f, while the wings F F taper reversely. A detached section of the wing I is seen in Fig. 3.

.I J are pendulums, which swing upon the pins K K on the armsD D. From the pendulums extend the rods L L, which pass through the supporters behind the wings, as seen at the wing F.

The counter-balances or governors M are hung so as to move upon the pivots Hon each end of the wing outside of the supporters. All the wings are provided with these devices excepting the wings having the pendulums J.

'lhe arm of each governor, which is above the arms D, extends up behind the wing, so that the upper parts of the wings press or rest against the arms of the governor, and the governors below the arms D extend down, so that the lower sides of the wings rest or press against them, as indicated by the wings G and I, Figs. l and 3. It will be observed that a part of cach wing is so extended as to be brought in contact with the governors, as shown by the wings F F, G G, and I, Figs. l and 3.

In ordinary winds the wings will remain in the position indicated as the mill revolves in the proper direction, as represen ted by the arrows. As the mill`s axis of rotation is horizontal, it will revolve with equal facility by the wind from any point of compass. It will also be uniform in its velocity by thc action of the governors. As the mill revolves and the wind increases in force, the wings tend from a vertical to a horizontal position, according to the force of the wind, because of the eccentric position of the pivots H, which gives more air-surface on one side of the plv ots than on the other.

The vertical position of the wings above the arms D and D and of those ,below which are not provided with the pendulum-governors J is indicated at ffand I I, Fig. l. In this position the wings remain in ordinary wind; but as the wind increases the wing and governors turn on the pivots in the direction from a to b, according to the force of the wind. By this means the action of the wind upon the wings is reduced in its effect in proportion to its force. As the lower side ofthe wing I rests against the governor M at. each end of the wing, Figs. l and 3,they move correspondingly, and as soon as the wing is out of range of the wind the governor, acting as a counter-balance, causes the wing to turn back to a, and as one set of the wings is broad side against the wind at one point of the revolution of the mill they would counteract the force of the wind at other points on the wings if the wings remained in a vertical position; but as the wings are successively brought round broad side against the wind they turn from a vertical position at a to c until the lower side ot' the wings is stopped by the pin at N. As soon as the wings are out of direct range of the wind theyturn back from h to a to receive the wind.

The saine principle of operation described relates to all the wings provided with the governors M. The wing F and its duplicates are governed in high winds bythe pendulum corresponding to J. As the wing F is being brought in range with the wind as the mill revolves, the force of the wind acting upon the wing O, attached to the pendulum, it is moved back from CZ to e, which withdraws the rod L, so that the wing rises from f to g,

as shown in Fig. t, and as soon as the wing has passed out of direct range of the wind the pendulum will fall back to d as soon as the wing is again moved back tof. There is a jog P in the wheels R, into which the rod L enters when the wing is in place and cannot. at any other time. As the mill revolves, this wing, like the others, becomes broad side against the wind, in which case the wing turns' in the direction from f to 7i, which brings the shoulder of the jog against the rod L. There is nothing to prevent the wing from turning from f to 7L, and it would readily pass in that direction when the mill was running with ordinary velocity; but it would not pass from f to g with ordinary wind because of the rod L. The rod is withdrawn, as before described, when the wind is blowing with unusual force. By this combination of means an equal and steady motion is given to the mill whatever may be the fluctuations ofthe wind.

That I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

l. The horizontal movable wing with unequal sides and hung upon eccentric pivot-s, in combination with the governors Il, arranged inthe manner and'for the purpose set forth.

2. The method of governing and releasing the wings in high winds by means of the pendulum J and rod L, in combination with the Wheel or counter-balance R, as herein described.

. B. FENN.

Witnesses:

J. W. C. JOHNSON, C. A. FENN. 

